Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathasia: A Dopamine System Theory Clinical Review

ABSTRACT

Long term use of first-generation Antipsychotics (FGAs) have been theorized in the formation of motion disorders Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia and due to the breakdown in the Extrapyramidal System (EPS) located in the Basal Ganglia (Lehne, 2013). The Second-generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) were sourced to be the treatment of TD by blocking dopamine receptors with dopamine agonists of the D2-D5 receptors while also being seen as the genesis of AK. However, the blocking of the receptors in both motion disorders is a theory known as the dopamine blockage theory, despite the intermingle of other neurotransmitters such as Serotonin and Norepinephrine (Lieberman, Stroup, McEnvoy, Swartz, Rosenheck, & Perkins, 2005).

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